SPOJ.com - Problem BINARYIO

BINARYIO - Binary Input and Output

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Your task is to compute natural logarithm for real parameter X with absolute or relative error less than 10^-12.

Input

Array of doubles in binary format (use fread in C/C++)

10^-12 ≤ X ≤ 10¹². There will be up to 1,000,000 numbers in array.

Output

Array of doubles in binary format (use fwrite in C/C++)

For each number in input you should output the corresponding answer.

Example

Input:
1
10

Output:
0
2.3025850929940456840179914546844

Note: Sample input and output are readable for your convenience!!!

Arrays in memory and in input are byte-to-byte identical.

To read double a use fread(&a, sizeof(a), 1, stdin) instead of scanf("%lf", &a) until the end of file.

To write double a use fwrite(&a, sizeof(a), 1, stdout) instead of printf("%lf\n", a).

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	moudud: 2023-09-08 08:07:11 What is meant by array of doubles in binary format? What should I output for negative values?
	Francky: 2013-03-01 18:44:04 I tried both methods to read (whole input, or double by double)... It works at home... Any clue for WA here ? Thanks. ans: You should read/write array of doubles instead of long doubles. I think I made it clear in the statement. Do you think if I just use code like this: union {double a[N]; long double b[N];}; or this double a[N]; long double b = (long double )a; then a[k] and b[k] will contain the same values?(The answer is NO) -- Now I understand something : The file is full of (double), we have to read them as (double). And then 'build' (long double) with two (double) that, in place, represent a (long double). If it's that, I don't know how to do that. Is 'union' the magic word ? --- 1)I did't say a word about long double in the whole task. 2)Just google 'union c++' --Fr--> OK, I don't know why I was focused on long double... And now I have AC without 'union'. lgamma is waiting for me... Thanks for patience. Last edit: 2013-03-01 20:54:51
	Mitch Schwartz: 2013-03-01 18:36:26 Ohhh, no bit strings at all, now I understand.
	Mitch Schwartz: 2013-03-01 18:36:26 I haven't done extensive bugtesting, but the question is a little unclear because it does not specify bit order; I'm using Wikipedia convention: 3ff0 0000 0000 0000 in hex (00111111 11110000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 in binary) signifies 1 Is this the intended order? Also, the bit strings in the actual input and output should be without spaces I assume? Last edit: 2013-03-01 18:03:52

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Added by:	Michael Kharitonov
Date:	2013-03-01
Time limit:	0.100s-1s
Source limit:	50000B
Memory limit:	1536MB
Cluster:	Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:	All