MSE06H - Japan


Japan plans to welcome the ACM ICPC World Finals and a lot of roads must be built for the venue. Japan is tall island with N cities on the East coast and M cities on the West coast (M ≤ 1000, N ≤ 1000). K superhighways will be build. Cities on each coast are numbered 1, 2, ... from North to South. Each superhighway is straight line and connects city on the East coast with city of the West coast.

The funding for the construction is guaranteed by ACM. A major portion of the sum is determined by the number of crossings between superhighways. At most two superhighways cross at one location. Write a program that calculates the number of the crossings between superhighways.

Input

The input file starts with T - the number of test cases. Each test case starts with three numbers – N, M, K. Each of the next K lines contains two numbers – the numbers of cities connected by the superhighway. The first one is the number of the city on the East coast and second one is the number of the city of the West coast.

Output

For each test case write one line on the standard output:

Test case "case number": "number of crossings"

Sample

Input:
1
3 4 4
1 4
2 3
3 2
3 1

Output:
Test case 1: 5

hide comments
androidbasha: 2023-07-18 14:32:52

You can Solve it Using BIT (Fenwick Tree).
Just Iterate over Cities (n) and each time see how many Cities from East (m) Comes After You


Added by:psetter
Date:2009-04-16
Time limit:0.209s-1s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ERL JS-RHINO NODEJS PERL6 VB.NET
Resource:Southeastern European 2006