AMR11A - Magic Grid

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Thanks a lot for helping Harry Potter in finding the Sorcerer's Stone of Immortality in October. Did we not tell you that it was just an online game? uhhh! Now here is the real onsite task for Harry. You are given a magrid S (a magic grid) having R rows and C columns. Each cell in this magrid has either a Hungarian horntail dragon that our intrepid hero has to defeat, or a flask of magic potion that his teacher Snape has left for him. A dragon at a cell (i, j) takes away |S[i][j]| strength points from him, and a potion at a cell (i, j) increases Harry's strength by S[i][j]. If his strength drops to 0 or less at any point during his journey, Harry dies, and no magical stone can revive him.

Harry starts from the top-left corner cell (1, 1) and the Sorcerer's Stone is in the bottom-right corner cell (R, C). From a cell (i, j), Harry can only move either one cell down or right i.e., to cell (i+1, j) or cell (i, j+1) and he can not move outside the magrid. Harry has used magic before starting his journey to determine which cell contains what, but lacks the basic simple mathematical skill to determine what minimum strength he needs to start with to collect the Sorcerer's Stone. Please help him once again.

Input

The first line contains the number of test cases T. T cases follow. Each test case consists of R C in the first line followed by the description of the grid in R lines, each containing C integers. Rows are numbered 1 to R from top to bottom and columns are numbered 1 to C from left to right. Cells with S[i][j] < 0 contain dragons, others contain magic potions.

Output

Output T lines, one for each case containing the minimum strength Harry should start with from the cell (1, 1) to have a positive strength through out his journey to the cell (R, C).

Constraints

1 ≤ T ≤ 5

2 ≤ R, C ≤ 500

-10^3 ≤ S[i][j] ≤ 10^3

S[1][1] = S[R][C] = 0

Sample

Input:
3
2 3
0 1 -3
1 -2 0
2 2
0 1
2 0
3 4
0 -2 -3 1
-1 4 0 -2
1 -2 -3 0

Output:
2
1
2

Explanation:

Case 1: If Harry starts with strength = 1 at cell (1, 1), he cannot maintain a positive strength in any possible path. He needs at least strength = 2 initially.

Case 2: Note that to start from (1, 1) he needs at least strength = 1.


hide comments
jack_greene999: 2018-06-23 14:09:49

AC in one go

shivam_2296: 2017-12-26 19:09:40

Huh! Not just a beginner level DP problem.

vikas_kumar: 2017-09-23 13:04:08

AC in one Go!

l0gic_b0mb: 2017-06-02 11:56:14

You'll have a hard time if you solve DP problems recursively.
Pretty trivial with tabular method though!

free__bird: 2017-01-23 16:08:29

very simple bottom up dp :) , just think of the base case obviously when it is at the last cell and from there start building your dp 2d array

vengatesh15: 2017-01-18 17:00:41

try SHROOMS before trying this problem...

tni_mdixit: 2017-01-02 23:43:19

WA see the code for any tricky cases :( http://ideone.com/CJpbNT

smr97: 2016-11-05 16:12:16

No need for Fast I/O, optimize the algorithm.

iamstg: 2016-10-24 20:17:20

can be done in r * c complexity with simple bottom - up dp !!!

prashant_kn: 2016-10-16 19:41:20

dp+binary search + fast io.


Added by:Varun Jalan
Date:2011-12-15
Time limit:1s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ASM64
Resource:Anil Kishore - ICPC Asia regionals, Amritapuri 2011