Pokemon GO! has gotten viral and people of all ages have started playing it. G33K a chemistry professor have also started playing the game, he got his first Pokemon "charmander" but he is a bit confused of his Pokemon's combat power, in professor's mobile the combat power is represented by 4 distinct integers separated by space i1,j1,i2,j2 and a formula is being given which calculates the final combat power of Pokemon!

The formula goes like this -

Since G33k is a chemistry professor he is weak in programming , your task is to calculate the combat power for the professor!

Input

The problem will consist of t test cases, each containing four numbers

t <= 100

4 integers separated by space i1, j1, i2, j2

1 <= i1, j1, i2, j2 <= 100000

i1 < j1, i2 < j2

Output

print the combat power of Pokemon in a new line!

Example

Input:
1
2 3 4 5

Output:
16