EC_P - Critical Edges


This time I will not bore you with a long and boring sentence. Give a connected graph, you must find all the edges that are critical, in other words you must find the edges which when removed divide the graph.

Input

The first line contains a integer NC (1 ≤ NC ≤ 200), the number of test cases. Then follow NC test cases.

Each case begins with two integers N (1 ≤ N ≤ 700) and M (N-1 ≤ M ≤ N * (N-1) / 2), the number of nodes and the number of edges respectively. Then follow M lines, each with a pair of integers a b (1 ≤ a, b ≤ N) indicate that between the node a and the node b there is a edge.

Output

For each test case print the list of ways to protect the following format:

    Caso #n
    t
    x1 y2
    x2 y2
    ...
    xt yt

Where n is the case number (starting from 1), t is the total of critical edges, list elements xi  yi indicates, for each line, there is a critical edge between the node xi and node yi (1 ≤ xi i ≤ N). In addition, the list should be sorted in non-decreasing order first by xi and then by yi. Also xi < yi must hold.

If there isn't any critical edge print: "Sin bloqueos" (quotes for clarity).

Example

Input:
3
5 4
1 2
4 2
2 3
4 5
5 5
1 2
1 3
3 2
3 4
5 4
4 6
1 3
1 4
2 1
3 2
4 2
4 3

Output:
Caso #1
4
1 2
2 3
2 4
4 5
Caso #2
2
3 4
4 5
Caso #3
Sin bloqueos

hide comments
luvkumbi: 2020-02-20 19:40:19

Cool....learned to detect bridges in a graph....while inserting bridges in final ans.....see that xi<yi and also print edges in lexographically increasing order.

jerry_san: 2019-12-08 20:30:16

I am getting runtime error in this question. can someone help me with this

parsae: 2019-10-30 08:53:23

can anyone give a test case

scolar_fuad: 2019-09-25 15:00:37

(simpleBridege point problem )

while you save edges u,v as critical point if u>v then keep v,u as critical point then sort the ans in ascending order ... it cost me an hour ...
#happy coding

Last edit: 2019-09-25 15:07:07
rishabh_jiit: 2019-08-29 19:12:15

Print "Caso" not "Case" .Cost me 4WA

moeentm: 2019-08-14 14:47:50

EZZZZZZZZ,AC IN ONE GO,
Thank lord tachanka

shubham97361: 2019-08-07 00:19:58

Xi < Yi must hold.

dishant107: 2019-07-27 16:28:22

In case of TLE, use scanf and printf instead of cin and cout.

surajkumar_cse: 2019-01-17 11:31:16

Here 'c' of Caso is in upper case . It took me around 1 hour to figure out what was going wrong with my code.

dipankar12: 2018-05-19 18:14:49

Time limit very strict for JAVA. Not even one submission.


Added by:Eddy Cael
Date:2013-10-31
Time limit:0.100s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:C-CLANG C NCSHARP C++ 4.3.2 CPP CPP14 CPP14-CLANG JAVA JULIA PYTHON PYPY3 PYTHON3