LINELAND - Lineland Airport

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Lineland is a strange country. As the name suggests, it's shape (as seen from above) is just a straight line, rather than some two-dimensional shape. The landscape along this line is very mountainous, something which occasionally leads to some problems. One such problem now occurs: in this modern era the king wants to build an airport to stimulate the country's economy. Unfortunately, it's impossible for airplanes to land on steep airstrips, so a horizontal piece of land is needed. To accommodate for the larger airplanes, this strip needs to have length at least L.

Over the years, the inhabitants of Lineland have become very proficient in flattening pieces of land. Given a piece a land, they can remove rock quickly. They don't want to add rock for that may lead to an unstable landing strip. To minimize the amount of effort, however, they want to remove the least amount of rock necessary to reach their goal: a flat piece of land of length L. What is this minimum amount? Because of the low-dimensional nature of Lineland, the amount of rock that needs to be removed is measured as the total area of land above the place where the landing strip is placed, rather than the volume (so in the Figure below, the amount of land removed is given by the lightly shaded area).

Input

One line with a positive number: the number of test cases (at most 25). Then for each test case:

  • One line with an integer N, 2 ≤ N ≤ 500, the number of points, and an integer L, 1 ≤ L ≤ 10000, the necessary length to flatten.
  • N lines with two integers xi and yi with 0 ≤ xi, yi ≤ 10000 describing the landscape of Lineland. The xi are in (strictly) ascending order. At position xi the height of the landscape is xi. Between two xi the landscape has constant slope. (So the landscape is piecewise linear). The difference between xN and x1 is greater than or equal to L.

Output

For each test case, output one line with the minimum amount of rock which must be removed in order to build the airport. The answer should be given as a floating point number with an absolute error of at most 10-3.

Example

Input:
4
3 5
0 2
4 2
14 0
4 3
0 2
2 0
4 0
5 3
3 10
10 2
30 2
35 7
2 777
222 333
4444 5555

Output:
0.9000
0.3750
0.0000
373362.4867

hide comments
meAnon: 2013-12-10 08:05:25

How the answer for second test case is 0.3750 instead of 0.5000?

Miodrag Milenkovic: 2009-08-19 22:04:34

typo - in the input description, in the sentence "At position xi the height of the landscape is xi." the second xi should be yi.


Added by:overwise
Date:2007-10-02
Time limit:3.450s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ERL JS-RHINO NODEJS PERL6 VB.NET
Resource:ACM ICPC NWERC 2006