MARBLES - Marbles


Hänschen dreams he is in a shop with an infinite amount of marbles. He is allowed to select n marbles. There are marbles of k different colors. From each color there are also infinitely many marbles. Hänschen wants to have at least one marble of each color, but still there are a lot of possibilities for his selection. In his effort to make a decision he wakes up. Now he asks you how many possibilites for his selection he would have had. Assume that marbles of equal color can't be distinguished, and the order of the marbles is irrelevant.

Input

The first line of input contains a number T <= 100 that indicates the number of test cases to follow. Each test case consists of one line containing n and k, where n is the number of marbles Hänschen selects and k is the number of different colors of the marbles. You can assume that 1<=k<=n<=1000000.

Output

For each test case print the number of possibilities that Hänschen would have had. You can assume that this number fits into a signed 64 bit integer.

Example

Input:
2
10 10
30 7

Output:
1
475020

hide comments
davidgalehouse: 2016-09-08 05:44:59

Thought I was doing intermediate calculations the right way but still got integer overflow, so gave up and used BigInteger (not enough test cases to matter much, performance-wise).

sahilagg06: 2016-05-26 20:09:59

Isn't it accepting wrong solution .?

vijay kumar paliwal: 2016-05-18 12:15:36

Simple..just take care of order of multiplication(start from n) and division(start from 1)...my 50th :)

Ray Brish Bhanu: 2016-04-11 14:38:41

dont use ans*=expression...use ans=ans*expression instead of...gave me several wa

Last edit: 2016-04-11 14:39:00
manjur1996: 2016-03-17 15:56:10

Add this case
1
64 30
correct answer is: 759510004936100355

but many accepted codes gives this answer: 310981744965266872

Last edit: 2016-03-17 15:56:43
hanstan: 2016-03-12 16:01:06

Finally my 100th accepted... :D
I think this test case must be included though
Walid Amin: 2015-02-05 20:50:24

i suggest to add this case
1
64 30
correct answer must be
759510004936100355
it fits signed 64 bit

but many accepted codes gives this answer: 310981744965266872

i suggest you add it bec it will fail many codes
THANK YOU

Pranay Kumar: 2016-01-24 12:09:07

Easy problem if you are into maths! Got AC in 1 go...

try2catch: 2016-01-15 15:53:02

stars and bars

CounterNormalize: 2016-01-14 19:24:10

TLE in python by just using factorial. 2 WA's in C++ due to improper nCr function.
Finally AC though, Really nice implementation!!

Last edit: 2016-01-14 19:24:33
mukesh227194: 2015-11-22 22:13:27

my 100th one!!!!!


Added by:Adrian Kuegel
Date:2004-06-19
Time limit:1s
Source limit:10000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: NODEJS PERL6 VB.NET
Resource:own problem