EXCHNG - Exchanges

Given n integer registers r1, r2 ... rn we define a Compare-Exchange Instruction CE(a, b), where a, b are register indices (1 <= a < b <= n):

CE(a, b):: 
  if content(ra) >  content(rb) then 
     exchange the contents of registers ra and rb; 

A Compare-Exchange program (shortly CE-program) is any finite sequence of Compare-Exchange instructions. A CE-program is called a Minimum-Finding program if after its execution the register r1 always contains the smallest value among all values in the registers. Such a program is called reliable if it remains a Minimum-Finding program after removing any single Compare-Exchange instruction. Given a CE-program P, what is the smallest number of instructions that should be added at the end of program P in order to get a reliable Minimum-Finding program?

For instance, consider the following CE-program for 3 registers: CE(1, 2), CE(2, 3), CE(1, 2). In order to make this program a reliable Minimum-Finding program it is sufficient to add only two instructions: CE(1, 3) and CE(1, 2).

Task

Write a program that:

  • reads the description of a CE-program,
  • computes the smallest number of CE-instructions that should be added to make this program a reliable Minimum-Finding program,
  • writes the result.

Input

The first line of the input contains exactly one positive integer d equal to the number of data sets, 1 <= d <= 10. The data sets follow.

Each data set consists of exactly two consecutive lines. The first of those lines contains exactly two integers n and m separated by a single space, 2 <= n <= 10000, 0 <= m <= 25000. Integer n is the number of registers and integer m is the number of program instructions.

The second of those lines contains exactly 2m integers separated by single spaces - the program itself. Integers aj, bj on positions 2j-1 and 2j, 1 <= j < = m, 1 < = aj < bj <= n, are parameters of the j-th instruction in the program.

Output

The output should consist of exactly d lines, one line for each data set. Line i, 1 <= i <= d, should contain only one integer - the smallest number of instructions that should be added at the end of the i-th input program in order to make this program a reliable Minimum-Finding program.

Example

Input:
1 
3 3 
1 2 2 3 1 2

Output:
2 

Added by:adrian
Date:2004-07-02
Time limit:0.600s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All
Resource:ACM Central European Programming Contest, Warsaw 2001

hide comments
2012-05-04 16:17:40 ayush lodha
need more test cases.
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