FIBOSUM - Fibonacci Sum

The Fibonacci sequence is defined by the following relation:

  • F(0) = 0
  • F(1) = 1
  • F(N) = F(N - 1) + F(N - 2), N >= 2

Your task is very simple. Given two non-negative integers N and M, you have to calculate the sum (F(N) + F(N + 1) + ... + F(M)) mod 1000000007.

Input

The first line contains an integer T (the number of test cases). Then, T lines follow. Each test case consists of a single line with two non-negative integers N and M.

Output

For each test case you have to output a single line containing the answer for the task.

Example

Input:
3
0 3
3 5
10 19

Output:
4
10
10857

Constraints

  • T <= 1000
  • 0 <= N <= M <= 109

Added by:David Gómez
Date:2010-12-04
Time limit:1s
Source limit:50000B
Memory limit:1536MB
Cluster: Cube (Intel G860)
Languages:All except: ASM64
Resource:My Own

hide comments
2017-05-30 13:19:40
@vineetpratik can you show me your dijkshra code??
how did you memorized the fibonacci no. since constrains is 10e9! and we cant save this much in memory
2017-05-05 11:34:57
Jbardast Problem
2017-04-05 16:02:14
2 TLE 2 WA and finally AC:)
2017-03-27 15:51:21
ac in 0.00 using fast matrix exponentiation
2017-03-14 07:43:06
Dijkstra's fibonacci formula- 0.09sec 92M
Fast Matrix Exponentiation - 0.01sec 16M
2017-03-10 17:35:55
Dijkstra's fibonacci formula
2017-03-04 09:09:01
Use long long, costed me one WA!
2016-09-09 02:42:29
@baadshah_ thanks for the negative modulus solution
2016-08-16 22:19:13
In case of a doubt, check out the resources mentioned here : <snip>

Last edit: 2023-01-31 21:44:54
2016-07-31 07:26:43 swap
Learnt a lot! @baadshah_ thanks! It took me some time to understand about negative modulus!
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